مجله راهبرد سیاسی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 20، بهار 1401)

This study is intended to define the concept and content of new wars, viz. cyber warfare, cognitive warfare, information warfare and hybrid warfare. The main argument, therefore, is that what are the common grounds in the conceptualization of new wars? To answer the question, this hypothesis is tested that technology mainly constitutes the common ground in the entire array of contemporary wars. In other words, eventually the revolutionary change in technology and specifically cyber revolution shape such new forms of Warfare as cyber warfare, cognitive War and hybrid War and transform essentially the classic wars including information wars. Indeed, the level of preparedness to cope with these wars is heavily rested upon national records in technology and knowledge. With this in mind, the objective is to draw on four new types of war, namely cyber, cognitive, information and hybrid and shed new lights on the prime significance of technology with a focus on the content and concept of these new wars. A descriptive-analytical approach was taken based on deskwork at libraries and using the Internet.

The present paper aimed to study Migrant workers occupy an uncertain position in the legal systems of nation-states. Even when these workers migrate legally, they have more limited rights than citizens. This paper applies a descriptive-analytical method to examine the UN Convention on Migrant Workers and the approach of the European Union to clarify how these two conventions affect the border between national legal systems in this regard. The library method was used to conduct this descriptive-analytical research. Originality of texts, honesty and confidentiality were preserved in this paper. Research shows that migrant workers have certain rights; The UN Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers is more concerned with human rights than the civil rights of workers. Negative rights with a focus on protecting specific injuries. At the same time, the protection of official citizenship is at a higher level than the protection of migrant workers' rights, however, unresolved issues remain.

Modernity, as one of the fundamental and influential phenomena in the contemporary world, and especially in the field of politics, has fundamentally different and dual consequences, which can be described as the Janus face of modernity. A figure whose reflection can be seen in the behavior of many forces and political currents of the present age. Modernity, on the one hand, has a developmental aspect and, on the other hand, has a dark aspect and a kind of totalitarianism. Thus, the focus of the present article is mainly on the study of this Janus face of modernity and its representation in the behavior of one of the radical Islamic currents in the Middle East, namely ISIS. So the main question of the article is what effects and consequences has the Janus face of modernity had on the political behavior of ISIS? And can the paradox or challenge between tradition and modernism in ISIS's political behavior be fundamentally a reflection of the Janus face of modernity? The theoretical framework of the article is based on modernist theories and critical approaches. Library resources and descriptive-analytical methods have been used to write the article and collect data. The findings of the article indicate

Saudi Arabia and Iran have long been recognized as the two main rivals in the middle east regional. But over the past years , relations between the two countries have become very complex and have taken on new dimensions. Meanwhile , one of the issues that has strained relations between the two countries in recent years is the internal developments in yemen. Therefore , the purpose of the present article is the identity and ideological confrontation between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the study of yemen. On this basis , the author seeks to answer the fundamental question of how Saudi Arabia and Iran played a role in the developments in yemen? The hypothesis that arises in response to this question is that Saudi Arabia and Iran have played a role in the developments in yemen through identity factors , This has led to a challenge between the two countries.Given the Sunni and Wahhabi identity of Saudi Arabia and its concern about the spread of Shiism and the strengthening of Iran's influence in the Persian Gulf region and ultimately the entire Middle East , the Saudi – Iranian confrontation in yemen can be explained based on a constructivism approach.

Today, the process of development, especially sustainable development, is considered the most important concern of the officials of most countries, especially developing countries, and more than ever, it is believed that people should be considered beyond ethnicity, race, religion and gender, the most important capital of any country, beneficiaries and agents. considered real development. This, in turn, requires the use of human talents and abilities on the one hand, and the active and continuous participation of people in the society in various stages of development, on the other hand. The 1950s was followed as an important concept in economic development discussions, and finally in the 1970s, with the formation of the term sustainable development, it took on a broad meaning, so that participation was considered a means of development. Now we have to see what the participation rate of women in Iran depends on? Are there any solutions to improve its increase? According to the census of 2015, in Iran, women constitute half of the population, only 17.19% of the employed, and they are still considered a virgin source of development.

Violence is something that always happens in the real world and has many forms and types. This phenomenon is not limited to overt violence or physical violence, but also has hidden forms that are essentially hidden in language and speech. For example, the thinking and mentality of modernization and development at first sight reveals a desirable truth, yet in the world of thought and the resulting divisions one can discover traces of verbal or abstract violence. From this perspective, the leading article seeks to explore and understand the origins and origins of violence in Western theories of modernization and development, using Jacques Derrida's method of deconstruction. Derrida seeks to examine the dichotomies and contrasts in language by deconstruction method. Findings show that according to ontological determinism, epistemology and methodology, theories of modernization and development, as well as semantic distinctions and contrasts in their innovative concepts such as rational / irrational, tradition / modernity, developed / backward, savage / civilized, cultured / uncultured, urban / rural, poor / rich, etc. These theories carry abstract and fundamental violence or the same primary violence that they have the capacity and ability to practice. Become secondary violence or objective violence.

One of the effective factors in managing and controlling sanctions is managing its psychological effects. Naturally, sanctions have a number of psychological effects, including fluctuations in the vital markets of the economy, and as a result, dealing with them properly plays an important role in managing market fluctuations. This article analyzes the interaction between the psychological aspects of sanctions and foreign exchange market, housing and stock market risk using the (VAR) model. The results of this model show that there is a correlation between the psychological effect of sanctions and the risk of market in the short and longterm. The psychological effect of sanctions increases the risk of foreign exchange and stock market and reduces the risk of fluctuations in the housing market, and in contrast, the increased risk of currency and stock market fluctuations leads to an increase in the psychological effect of sanctions on society. In other words, the public perception and mental image created in society show the effectiveness of sanctions and this is a great help to sanctioners to increase pressure. it is suggested that by minimizing the psychological aspects of sanctions, showing their insignificance, the pressures of market fluctuations are largely controlled.

Before the two world wars, the geostrategic territories were drawn based on military goals, as a result, the geopolitical regions had to justify and contain military goals and plans, and for this reason, as soon as the slightest change in the structure of the geopolitical system of any country is felt, military conflict and recourse are created. Force was unavoidable. Over time and after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the emergence of new changes and developments in the category of security and strategic issues and the predominance of political economic goals over purely political issues, the structures of geopolitical systems are moving towards becoming a geoeconomy, hence the geostrategic territories even Farsangs away from the territorial borders should have an economic-military justification. This is a remarkable turn that we are witnessing today a change in the various strategies of the powers, especially the United States of America, and on this principle, the word geoeconomy was proposed for the first time at the end of the 1990s, which some mistakenly consider to be a substitute for geopolitics, and another group mistakenly They think that the era of geopolitics is over and the era of geoeconomics is in question. While this is a mistake in the interpretation of concepts because the word geoeconomy is actually a change in the name and purpose of geostrategy. In a more correct interpretation in the concept of geo-economics, the goals have been transformed into strategic goals by taking advantage of the geopolitical platform by interfering in the economic strategies.

This study aims to provide a suitable strategy for cyberspace management with a political participation approach using the SWOT technique. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all citizens of Tabriz in 2021. The number of them was unlimited and unknown, which according to Cochran's formula, 384 people were used by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire of 51 researcher-made questions to measure the extracted strategies and the standard questionnaire of political participation Farajzadeh (2014). Descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software were used to analyze quantitative data. The results showed that conservative strategy and defensive strategy in cyberspace management have an adverse effect on citizens 'political participation and offensive strategy and competitive strategy in space management have a positive effect on citizens' political participation. And the rate of political participation of 8.3% of citizens was very low, 17.4% low, 38.3% moderate, 21.4% high and 14.8% very high. In general, the political participation of citizens is moderate.